Proofreading Techniques When Time is Tight

Editing Techniques When Time is Tight (Issue 24: November, 2009) What would it be a good idea for you to do when you should edit a business record, yet you face a hysterical associate, a requesting chief, or an abbreviated cutoff time? As the Christmas season and end-of-year cutoff times approach, you’ll need to deliver more records in even less time. Expecting that the terrified individual who presented to you the record gave you no particular guidelines about what to search for and what to overlook, here is a rundown of three procedure checks, arranged by importance:1) Check, Print, Find Reviewer: Work two by two - request that a partner verification your reports, and give back in kind. Run the archive through punctuation and spell-check. This won't discover everything, except it will hail grammatical mistakes. Print the archive. Discovering blunders in print is a lot simpler than on screen. 2) Check Format and Organization: Check the pagination. Ensure that the pages are numbered successively. On the off chance that the record is to be replicated twofold sided, verify that clear pages have been embedded appropriately and that all odd-numbered pages will fall on a right-hand page. Edit the spread page and cover sheet in exactly the same words. Ensure that the date is right and that the organization's and creator's names are spelled accurately. Flip each page and search for any glaring mistakes, for example, missing figures or printer glitches, for example, terribly lopsided page toner. Flip each page once more (make a different pass) and take a gander at the configuration to see that headings and subheadings are the right size and typeface, dividing and space are reliable, running headings are right, and edges are the correct size. Check the chapter by chapter guide against the content. Ensure that the entirety of the segments are incorporated and that the wording in the list of chapters coordinates the content. Check the page numbers against the content. In the event that you have a PowerPoint report, you will probably discover mistakes here. Take a gander at the illustrations and tables. Ensure they are numbered accurately and that their titles effectively depict what shows up. #3 Read Most Important Text: Peruse the prelude, official rundown, or some other starting material that the peruser is probably going to take a gander from the outset. Peruse the end or last rundown segment. Peruse the headings and subheadings. Peruse the main sentence (or first passage, if there is season) of each area. On the off chance that you have whenever remaining, edit realized difficulty spots. You'll see that the initial 2 procedures don't include editing text. In case you're truly crunched for time, check the association and style of the record first in light of the fact that: It is quick to do as such. An ineffectively composed record is exceptionally amateurish, and promptly clear to a peruser. More regrettable yet, your peruser will be lost in the confusion. You will locate the most clear blunders. Just once you confirm association and appearance (things 1-2), should you move to message audit (thing 3).Ideally, we have to permit enough editing time. In any case, here and there we don't have that choice. These methods will spare you when you're confronted with too brief period.

Ryanair Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ryanair - Essay Example Watchman proposes that a firm ought to follow either separation methodology or cost-authority. They don't present a strategic vision however they keep on being the biggest minimal effort pioneer in the European air industry (Box and Byus 2007). This requires an outright devotion to minimal effort execution in each component of the worth chain. Subsequently, they have brisk entryway turnarounds, non-association tasks, their remuneration plans are as execution based motivating forces, and they fly to optional air terminals which also brings about cost reserve funds. They have been fruitful so far in light of the fact that they could contend with the custom transporters as purchasers have become cost cognizant. They can keep up value favorable position and they get the vast majority of their appointments on the web. They duplicated the South West Airline model of offering â€Å"no frills† benefits and concentrated on the most value delicate section (Leavy 2003). Is Ryanairâ€℠¢s procedure maintainable? Ryanair’s procedure has gotten flawed because of the effect of cost investment funds in each capacity. This can be better comprehended through natural investigation. Michael Porter has built up a lot of devices and structure for ecological examination. ... Affordable The economy of Europe in general is steady and the control of Euro as the normal money adds to solidness. The shoppers in Europe too are steady so by and large the prudent factor has low effect on the business. In any case, outside Europe the market is lacking and these economies are temperamental. In addition, the financial emergency has affected all minimal effort transporters since 2008 which debris incited rigid activities from the ease bearers (Dunn 2009). Social The carrier business relies upon the changing buyer request. Ryanair could succeed so far in light of the value awareness of the customers. Be that as it may, buyer socioeconomics continue changing and the carrier must be insightful of the changing customer inclination. Indeed, even a little value contrast can change the outlook of the most faithful buyer. In this manner the social factor has a high effect. Innovative The mechanical factor has a low effect on the grounds that Ryanair has put resources into no rmalized however most recent airplanes. Be that as it may, they don't utilize innovation in worker relations or in client relationship the executives. Lawful This has a high effect as they have been charged by the EU for accepting unlawful endowments for its base air terminal (O’Higgins 2005). Its site likewise had a few shopper grievances which incited the aircraft to close down the site (O’Higgins 2005). The carrier was additionally in a debate against the British Airports Authority (BAA) for supposed restraining infrastructure maltreatment over fuel demands. Ecological This has a high effect on the grounds that ‘climate security charge’ has been imposed against the carrier. Visit arrivals and take-off on short-pull flights have high effect on nature (O’Leary 2007). PESTLE Evaluation The outer ecological examination recommends low effect

What to Read Before and After Surgery

What to Read Before and After Surgery Surgery can bring out a lot of emotions in both the patient and their loved ones. Between anxiety and fear before surgery, pain and exhaustion following surgery, and frustration and boredom during the recovery process, it’s an incredibly stressful experience. While your body heals, some comfort reading might be just what you need to soothe your mind and spirit. These suggestions of what to read before and after surgery may come in handy if you’re preparing to go under the knife, or if you’re trying to find the perfect gift for a loved one. I recently had surgery to repair a broken ankle, and it’s been a long and grueling process. When told I wouldn’t be able to put any weight on my leg for three months after surgery, I tried to find a bright side. Months on the couch means plenty of time for reading, right? Wrong. I’ve actually fallen behind in my reading since I broke my ankle, even though I’ve had nothing but free time. Between the pain, anxiety about surgery, and decreased attention span from the pain medication, it’s been hard to keep up my usual reading pace. But I’ve figured out what can keep my attention and provide me some comfort. Now, I’m here to share some ideas for any other readers looking at a long recovery process. What to Read Before Surgery I had a week and a half between the time I broke my ankle and the surgery to repair it. During that time, I was on pain medication that made it really hard for me to focus on reading. I was also stressed about the surgery and what my life would look like afterwards. So the best books for this period were fast paced, easy to absorb, and great at world building. Avoid anything focused on the health care industry or the ways things can go wrong. Science Fiction and Fantasy Books that can take your mind to a world far from your pain and stress are a must. Look for science fiction and fantasy books with great world building and fast-paced action. Just avoid SFF that’s too complex or hard to follow if that’s not usually your thing, as it might lead to some frustration. Binti: The Complete Trilogy by Nnedi Okorafor is a great pick that takes you to another planet with very different problems from your own. Binti is a young woman with a talent for math and for “harmonizing,” or negotiating peace. She’s selected to attend a prestigious university on another planet, but before her ship arrives, it’s invaded by an alien species that kills everyone on boardâ€"except her. Another great option is reading short story collections, especially if you’re having trouble focusing. Shorter story arcs might be easier to complete, and if one isn’t capturing your attention, you can simply skip to the next one. A People’s Future of the United States, edited by Victor LaValle and John Joseph Adams, is a great new collection with stories from some of the biggest names in SFF, including N.K. Jemisin, Daniel José Older, Charlie Jane Anders, Justina Ireland, and more. These stories look to a future in the U.S. that is more diverse and inclusive, and they feature some truly badass protagonists pushing back against oppression. Romance When everything in your life (and your body) is stressful and scary, sometimes you need a guaranteed happy ending. That’s why romance novels are a great pick while getting ready for surgery. There may be some bumps in the road, but you know everything will turn out alright. Meet cutes, romantic tropes, and butterflies in the stomach also help create a welcome distraction. Anything by Jasmine Guillory gives me all the romcom vibes I need, like her upcoming book The Wedding Party (July 16, Berkley Books). When two nemeses come together for their mutual best friend’s wedding, they end up having a series of secret sexy rendezvouses. But is their connection more than physical? Retellings of classic novels are another great choice. If you’ve read the book that inspired a retelling, you probably have a pretty good idea of where it’s headed. For example, Ayesha At Last by Uzma Jalaluddin is a modern Muslim retelling of Pride and Prejudice. Ayesha and Khalid have an undeniable connection. But when Khalid’s mother arranges an engagement to Ayesha’s cousin Hafsa, all three must decide between what they believe and what their hearts tell them. Comics and Graphic Novels When you’re low on energy and struggling to focus, comics and graphic novels may provide the change of pace you need. They’re visually engaging and if you’re on pain medication, they may be easier to focus your eyes on than a page full of words. Try fast-paced superhero comics, or if that’s not your speed, a heartwarming story like Bingo Love by Tee Franklin, Jenn St. Onge, Joy San, and Cardinal Rae. Hazel and Mari fell in love as teenagers but were pulled apart by their families and society. Fifty years later, they meet again at the bingo hall where they first kissed and find that life has given their love a second chance. What to Read After Surgery Some of the pre-op books suggested above are also great immediately after surgery. You’ll still be experiencing some pain and frustration, and your attention span may still be short. So feel free to keep up your SFF, Romance, and Comics reading after you’ve returned home. Here are some additional ideas as you continue to heal. Comforting Classics Right after surgery, it’s especially crucial to get your mind off of the pain and find a happy place. Reread books that bring you joy and happy memories. It’s also nice to already know where the plot is headed in case you have trouble focusing. If you’re struggling to read printed or ebooks, try mixing up the format with audiobooks. When I was at the peak of pain after returning home, I couldn’t focus my eyes on a book, so I found a new audio version of an old favorite: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum, narrated by Tituss Burgess. The voice of an actor I love bringing new life to familiar characters was just what I needed to get my mind off the pain. Funny Memoirs and Essay Collections It sounds cheesy, but laughter really is the best medicine. Nothing helped me forget the pain and discomfort I was in like a good belly laugh. Samantha Irby is one of my favorite funny authors, and her memoirs Meaty and We Are Never Meeting in Real Life are absolutely delightful. She’s also able to make light of her own chronic pain and physical ailments in a way that may bring some comfort. Celebrity memoirs are another great choice during recovery, particularly memoirs from funny stars. If the author narrates the audiobook, even better. The familiar voice of a celebrity you admire telling their story in their own words may be just what the doctor ordered. The Greatest Love Story Ever Told by Hollywood couple Megan Mullally and Nick Offerman is a hilarious memoir of their relationship. It’s heartwarming and laugh-out-loud funny, giving you all the good feels to get well soon. What to Read While You Recover Once you’re past the worst part of post-surgery pain, you may be ready to read something that requires a bit more focus. As cabin fever starts to set in, you’ll want something more challenging. Or maybe something that will help you feel like you’re anywhere else besides the couch. Mystery/Thriller The twists and turns of a mystery/thriller take a little more energy to keep up with, but they’ll also provide a great escape from the arduous recovery process. If you’re tired of the tedium of bed rest, try something full of intrigue and adventure. American Spy by Lauren Wilkinson is a fantastic new historical spy novel set during the Cold War. Marie is an intelligence officer with the FBI, making her way in a sexist and racist old boys’ club. When she’s sent undercover to Burkina Faso to help take down a revolutionary president, everything she knows about being a spy changes. Fiction in Far Away Places If you can’t go far from home during your recovery, read books set far from home. Reading about distant places well help you pretend youre anywhere but your bed. Check out books that will transport you. To travel across the world and through time, try historical fiction set in a different country. Set in 1930s Malaysia, The Night Tiger by Yangsze Choo is just what you need to mix things up. As rumors spread about men turning into tigers, a dancehall girl and an orphan boy cross paths and find their fates are intertwined. Health Care Nonfiction Before surgery, stay far away from anything related to hospitals or medical care. But once you’re past the worst of your pain and the risk of complications, you may be interested in reading more about what you experienced. Unfortunately, I read  Anesthesia: The Gift of Oblivion and the Mystery of Consciousness by Kate Cole-Adams a while before surgery, and therefore spent some days terrified of what could go wrong when the anesthesiologist put me under. However, it’s a fascinating study of what we do and don’t know about consciousness and anesthesia. After your surgery has (hopefully) gone as planned, this book might help you learn more about what happened while you were asleep. Memoirs about chronic pain, health challenges, and death may provide surprising clarity as you recover. Learning about other health journeys can help you learn tactics for recovery and appreciation for the care you’ve received. I gained a lot of perspective from Julie Yip-Williams’ memoir The Unwinding of the Miracle: A Memoir of Life, Death, and Everything That Comes After. Yip-Williams was born blind in Vietnam. She spent much of her life pushing back against the stereotypes placed on her because of her disability. After being diagnosed with terminal cancer, she reflected on how health, access to care, and grief affected her life. If you’re preparing for surgery, good luck! If you’re recovering from surgery, I hope you have the time and energy to enjoy a good book. And if you’re shopping for a loved one with a recovery ahead of them, I hope this list gave you some great ideas for reading material. You might enjoy these other articles from Book Riot: Tips and Tricks for Reading When You’re Sick Books I’m Reading to Better Understand Illness and Death 50 Books to Read If You Love Medicine

Hazardous Pollution in Highly Populated Chinese Cities

Pollution In every civilization throughout history, wealth has been shown to be synonymous with power and influence. Not alienated by this natural law, China’s richest individuals hold the authoritative power in advocating for the regulation of their nation’s air pollution. Similar to the donations given from an institution in New York, composed of the state’s wealthiest individuals, to fund 75% of the state’s annual park budget; China can form an institution almost indistinguishable to this model, having it organized by wealthy individuals that could work with the government in order to provide proper funding for air pollution reform for their nation. An advantage to this is a human face or many human faces will easily be distinguishable and humanitarian deeds will shine as a greater influence to the nation’s people. Individuals will take notice of that human face if it is well known, specifically if the person owns a popular business owner, is a political figurehead, or Youtube sensation. The more publicity the message transcends, the more China’s citizens will be willing to protest the worsening air pollution that infiltrates the gray skies. In the present day a majority of China’s major cities contain hazardous amounts of air smog, enough to cause shortness of breath, obstruction to a person’s airway, and just impede a citizen’s daily life. Pollution exists in these crammed megalopolises because the city is constantly on the move for fast tracking improvements andShow MoreRelatedSustainable Urban Development in India7190 Words   |  29 Pagesinefficiencies in the land policy of India and its implications for sustainable urban development in India. The third section leads to possible options of sustainable city form, which may be relevant for India. 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The Importance Of Being Earnest By The Victorian Era

The Importance of Being Earnest was written in the Victorian Era when many of the â€Å"religious, social, political, and economic structures were experiencing change† (Joshi). Many writers such as Oscar Wilde criticized Victorian morality and snobby social customs in their writing (Peltason). In his play, Wilde uses Algernon Moncrieff, a wealthy and witty gentleman with no morals, to satirize Victorian values and customs. The play opens with Algernon receiving Jack, or John, Worthing, his friend and fellow bachelor who is in love with Algernon’s cousin, Gwendolen Fairfax. Algernon has a philosophy called Bunburyism, which involves â€Å"inventing an invaluable permanent invalid called Bunbury† with â€Å"extraordinary bad health, whom he uses as an excuse to visit the country whenever he likes (1.294). Jack, similarly, invents a younger brother who â€Å"gets into the most dreadful scrapes† as an excuse to come up to town (Wilde 1.294). Under the name of Ernest, Jack wins the love of Gwendolen, who confesses she fell in love with his name and feels destined to â€Å"love some one of the name of Ernest† (1.300). However, he doesn’t win the approval of Lady Bracknell, who objects to his origins of being found â€Å"in a hand-bag †¦ [in] the cloak-room at Victoria Station† and refuses to let her daughter marry him unless he produces â€Å"a parent, of either sex, before the season is quite over† (1.306). When Jack returns to the country home where he lives with his ward Cecily Cardew and her governess MissShow MoreRelated The Importance of Being Earnest Essay1376 Words   |  6 PagesWilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest is a timeless comedy of manners in which two young, light-hearted men, pretend their names are ‘Ernest’ in a bid to impress their love interests, who both believe the name Ernest bestows magical qualities on the possessor. Throughout the play, Wilde uses a mix of social drama, melodrama and farce to appeal to the audience. Through his gentle use of parody Wilde is able to ridicule his contemporaries and attack the values and attitudes of Victorian society, suchRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde1642 Words   |  7 Pagesnda Beckwith AMU/APUS ENGL200 Professor Green 25 Oct 2015 Satire in The Importance of Being Earnest The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde can be termed as a complete satirical work because of the path it chooses on harshly, but at the same time humorously criticizing and ridiculing social issues, such as marriage, wealth and death. The author approaches these issues with absurd mockery evidently with the intention of tickling his audience while driving his point home. Regarded as one ofRead MoreThe Importance of Being Earnest Essay1439 Words   |  6 PagesA Trivial Comedy for Serious People Oscar Wilde mocked his audience while he entertained them. Perhaps his most loved and well-known work, The Importance of Being Earnest, satirises the manners and affections of the upper-class Victorian society. Satire is a literary tone used to ridicule or make fun of human vice or weakness, usually with the intent of changing or correcting the subject of the satirical attack. The play focuses on the elite, while making fun of the ludicrousness and extremityRead MoreThe Influence Of Victorian Society On Relationships And Marriage1642 Words   |  7 PagesThe Influence of Victorian Society on Relationships and Marriage Marriage was of utmost importance during the 1830’s to the 1900’s. The â€Å"ideal† relationship had been searched for by both men and women using the standards that the commonwealth had created. When reading Oscar Wilde’s â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnest† and associating it to society’s expectations for both genders throughout the Victorian era, people are depicted as being very effected and influenced by the set rules and boundaries.Read MoreThe Effects Of Victorian Society s Unrealistic Expectations Of The Individual887 Words   |  4 PagesThis source is an essay examining how Wilde shows â€Å"the impact of Victorian society’s unrealistic expectations of the individual† in both The Importance of Being Earnest and The Picture of Dorian Gray. In the article, she talks about gender roles and societal expectations along with the ways characters in the play conform to or reject them. Although the essay is written by a stu dent at McKendree University, the writing is not difficult to understand. This essay is well-documented and seems unbiasedRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde773 Words   |  4 PagesOscar Wilde â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnest†, Wilde takes a comedic stance on a melodrama, portraying the duplicity of Victorian traditions and social values as the modernism of the twentieth century begins to emerge. The idea of the play revolves around its title of the characters discovering the importance of being earnest to their individual preferences. The author uses the traditional efforts of finding a marriage partner to illustrate the conflicting pressure of Victorian values and the changingRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest Satire Essay1291 Words   |  6 PagesMaverick Yabut Professor Tina Regan ENGL 200 June 18, 2017 Satire in the Importance of Being Earnest Introduction Throughout Oscar Wilde’s play â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnest†, Oscar Wilde routinely uses satire throughout the story amongst character dialogue and actions to scorn the Victorian society audience. Oscar uses satire to mock love, and the concept of marriage as well as the Victorian-aristocratic class system and society mentality. The play is described as â€Å"A trivial comedy for seriousRead MoreThe Importance of Being Earnest Essay1237 Words   |  5 PagesAThe Importance of Being Earnest a play written by Oscar Wilde is set in England in the late Victorian era. 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Childhood Play Behavior and Cognitive Development Essay

Childhood play behavior is an important part of every child’s life. Starting in infancy, children begin to explore their world through play. This behavior can serve as an indicator of the child’s cognitive and social development. The research on play and development is a key to helping caregivers understand the importance of childhood play. This paper will focus on the psychological aspects of childhood play behavior and its relation to cognitive development. According to the cognitive development theory, the purpose of play is to develop intelligence. While children play, it is theorized that they are able to learn to solve problems (Wyver Spence, 1999). One of the most influential contributors to understanding†¦show more content†¦Typically, when a child is five months old they begin to engage in a low level of object play. Children in this stage will focus on how their actions affect objects. For example, my niece is one year old and enjoys picking up blocks and hitting them together. When she does this, she is learning that she is able to control an object (block) and her action (hitting them together) produces a result (noise). As children near the age of two, they begin to gain interest in the properties of toys and begin incorporating objects in their fantasy world (Hughes, 2006). Symbolic play is added to the child’s repertoire of play soon after they reach the age of two. As the child develops through these types of play, they are able to connect and arrange these play behaviors in intricate ways. Between the ages of two and seven, children are in the pre-operational stage of cognitive development. This stage of development is categorized by imagination and symbolic language. During the beginning of this stage, toddlers spend most of their playtime using their imagination and playing pretend. This helps them to decipher the difference between reality and fantasy. Between the ages of five and seven, these children transition from parallel play, to associative and cooperative types of play behavior. These new play behaviors increase their social skills as they interact with peers, siblings, and parents. During this period, children alsoShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Children Intelligence Test Scores1653 Words   |  7 PagesNowadays, the global is facing the same pressure in early childhood education; many countries’ education system start to teach children academic skills at progressively younger age; because of the concerns about falling behind peers in their lat er the school aged. However, these early-accelerated preschool programs do not necessarily guarantee future academic success. Even worse, that may cause children’s social and emotional problems in the future (Marcon, 2002). More and more researchers suggestRead MoreChildren Are Our Pillars For Tomorrow Essay1720 Words   |  7 Pagesis to understand child development by using case study method along with child observations and parent interview. Given the circumstances of long distance, Skype is used to observe the child and conduct the parent interview. Matthew, who was born and raised in Hong Kong, is an outgoing and smart 7th grader. He is a 10-year-old Chinese boy growing up in a middle class family. He also lives with his parents and a 19-year-old sister who is a college student. Middle childhood is the best period to describeRead MoreDevelopmental Domains Physical, Social, Emotional, Cognitive, And Cognitive1448 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopmental Domains—Physica l, Social, Emotional, Cognitive Advice to foster physical development Prenatal -Mother’s behavior and health is the biggest risk to the fetus’ physical development—ensure that mother’s behavior does not threaten the baby (mother should be eating healthily and should not put any harmful drugs or alcohol into her body) -Playing music and talking to the baby in utero can help foster prenatal development Postnatal to 5 years old -Take the child in for medical checkups—ensureRead MoreObservation of Child Growth Essay1435 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction red - Development blue – Conclusion orange Individualism– Giving priority to one’s own goals over group          goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes          rather than group identification.       For the first time in my life I am being an individualist. I am giving greater priority to my own personal goals. I honestly don’t know what I was thinking changing careers at the age of 42 but I am determined to get my nursing degree. For the next 2 years it will beRead MoreChild Development Is The Growth And Change Within A Child s Intellectual And Mental Abilities Essay959 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"modulates mood† swings, â€Å"anxiety†, â€Å"and aggression† (Mate, 2013). Parents who are pregnant and use drugs, or use after birth can alter these chemicals by not â€Å"socially interacting† with their infant, â€Å"leading them to drug seeking behavior†, early in his or her â€Å"childhood†, which in turn will â €Å"lead to the death of good brain chemical†, and â€Å"lead to a dangerous overload of worse chemicals† (Mate, 2013). In order to back these findings, one must cross-reference research findings on this topic. Read MoreThe Different Stages Of Human Development1617 Words   |  7 PagesThe different stages of human development can be vast in dimension. The chosen age group was childhood (3-12 years) or also called the juvenile period consist of various features of its age group. Early to middle childhood features such as physical, emotional, cognitive, and social aspects have their growing and specific developments compared to other human developmental stages. Also, different theoretical perspectives will substantiate the selected developmental stage and which is most usefulRead MoreRelationship Between Security Of Attachment And Cognitive Development1513 Words   |  7 PagesThe relationship between security of attachment and cognitive development creates the underlying foundation from which individual’s operate throughout the lifespan (Carruth, 2006). The security of attachment between an infant and their primary caregiver can have profound consequences for the developing brain, impacting an infant’s future relationships, self-esteem, and ability to self-regulate emotions (Carruth, 2006). Attachment theory, first theorized by John Bowlby (1988), stresses the significanceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie My Sisters Keeper 1627 Words   |  7 PagesAnna’s life, and discuss how each event in the characters life had an affect on her physical, psychosocial and cognitive development. The events that will be discussed are: how being brought into the world to save Kate affected Anna’s psychosocial development, how having to undergo many surgeries at a very young age affected Anna’s physical development, and also how Anna’s cognitive development was affected by her sisters sickness and death. Being brought into the world as a savior sister and havingRead MoreThe Availability Of Play Opportunities For Children During Early Childhood Programs1611 Words   |  7 PagesPurpose of the Study: To analyze the availability of play opportunities for children in early childhood programs in rural India. Rationale of the Study: The study is being conducted after reading various researches conducted in this field. India is a land of diversities and hence the availability of play and its opportunities are also varied. This study attempts to analyze this diversity at three different setups. Play enhances a child’s development significantly. It serves as a foundation for manyRead MoreBiological Aspect of Early Childhood Essay1629 Words   |  7 PagesThe transitional life span following toddlerhood is early childhood. Early childhood begins at the age of 4 years old to 6 years old. During the early childhood stage young children become very physically active, their language become more complex, and the evolution of imaginative and elaborate nature of play occurs. Young children at the early childhood stage also begin preschool. According to Piaget, a child at the early childhood begins to have more of an abstract and logical way of thinking.

Ozone Layer Protection free essay sample

Case Study of Environmental Conservation of Ozone in Hong Kong The ozone layer present in the stratosphere of the Earth is utmost important to us as it protects us from the exposure of ultraviolet rays which leads to several harmful effects. Without the ozone layer, human will be more prone to skin cancer and eye cataracts. Ultraviolet rays can also cause harm to marine life by reducing the amount of planktons and consequently depreciates the amount of fishes in the ocean.Besides that, the depletion of the ozone layer disrupts the production of crops and forest growth, another two things which are essential to human life and another reason why the ozone layer is substantial to us (Gleason, K. , 2008). The Montreal Protocol was created in 1987 for awareness to protect the ozone layer internationally and it is still ongoing until today according to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), which stated that another nation has just joined this protocol in January 2012 (United Nations Environment Programme, 2012). We will write a custom essay sample on Ozone Layer Protection or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hong Kong being a signatory to the Montreal Protocol has to play their part in contributing to the decrease of the usage of hydro chlorofluorocarbons (HCFC). In 1985, there was a big hole found on the ozone. The main cause of ozone layer depletion is the release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) and hydro chlorofluorocarbons (HCF) into the atmosphere. These chemicals can be found in air conditioners, refrigerators, fire extinguishers, aerosol sprays and cleaning agents manufactured in the industry and therefore, Hong Kong being an industrialized country definitely contributes to the gradual disappearance of the ozone.It is harmful because it takes about twenty to hundred-twenty years to break down these compounds. When a chlorine atom is released into the atmosphere, it will react with oxygen molecules, destroying the ozone layer with its chemical processes. This process repeats every single second and as a result, a hole which is twice the size of United States was found on the ozone. The citizens of Hong Kong may not realize that the things they use daily is accumulating and harming the ozone layer day by day which in the end, they are the ones who will be harmed.Furthermore, one of the effects of the depletion of ozone layer is that people now are at a higher risk of several sicknesses such as skin diseases, eye problems and d estruction of the human’s immune system. Skin cancers, cataract and infectious diseases are mainly resulted from the depletion of ozone not only in Hong Kong but in any other country as well. If we compare the health of the human in the past and present, we can summarize that nowadays, many more new diseases has been discovered and a number of them are caused by the increasing amount of ultraviolet rays human these days are exposed to.Hence, the ozone depletion obviously decreases the population of Hong Kong, due to them getting sicker. In addition, the plants’ and animals’ life cycles may be affected and the food chain will be disrupted in the end. Since the depletion of the ozone brings about many disadvantages to the country itself and the world, ways and plans to avoid the situation from becoming bad to worse should be implemented.Being a part of the Montreal Protocol, Hong Kong must reduce 90% of their HCFC consumption by 2015 according to GovHK (2011), a portal made by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government, since the members of the protocol has decided to fasten the process of eliminating the usage of HCFC in September 2007. Several ways to ensure a decrease usage of HCFC include the avoidance of using aerosols and sprays composed of chlorofluorocarbon, service air conditioners more frequently and prevent buying products which use ozone depleting substances as refrigerants.

Teen Suicide (sociological) Essays - Suicide, Youth Suicide

Teen Suicide (sociological) Teen Suicide (sociological) The purpose of this paper is to explain the causes of teen suicide. This paper will include statistics and some background information on suicide survivors. Also this report will discuss some warning signs of teen suicide. It is important to take the subject of suicide seriously. It doesn't seem right that a teenager, who has lived for such a short time, would choose to die, but those who can't get over their depression sometimes do. Teen suicide is the third leading cause of death for young people aged 15 to 24 and the fourth leading cause of death for persons between the ages of 10 and 14 and it seems to be on the rise. Only accidental deaths and homicide follow it. Some experts believe that many "accidental" deaths are actually suicides. According to a 1991 Center for Disease Control and Prevention study, 27% of high school students thought about suicide, 16% had a plan and 8% made an attempt. Suicide affects teens of all races and social standing. Boys commit suicide more often than girls do. It could be because it's easier to get the tools for suicide, boys usually use firearms and girls often use pills so since the gun is more deadly, boys complete suicide. Over the past 15 years, the rate among girls has scarcely changed, but the rate among boys has tripled. Also, the rate among non-white males, even though it's still lower than the white male rate, has been rising most quickly of all. Suicide remains the second leading cause of death among whites after accidents and the third among blacks after homicides and accidents. Teen suicide is now considered a national mental health problem. The main two causes for teen suicide is the mental disease of depression and family problems. 90% of teen suicide victims have at least one diagnosable, active psychiatric illness at the time of death, which is most often depression, substance abuse, or behavior disorders. Only 33-50% of victims was known by their doctors as having a mental illness at the time of their death, and only 15% were in treatment at the time of death. The pressures of modern life are greater these days and competition for good grades and college admission is difficult which are extra stresses on already unsure teens. Some even think it's because there is more violence in the media. Lack of parental interest may make them feel alone and anonymous. They believe that their parents don't understand them and when they try to express their feelings they feel that their parents either denied or ignored the try to communicate feelings of unhappiness, frustration, or failure. Many children grow up in divorced households or both parent's work and their families spend little time together. Even the threat of AIDS is a factor that contributes to higher suicide rate. Stressful life events, such as the loss of an important person or school failure, often encourages suicides. People who have worked with depressed teens see a common pattern of unhappiness, feelings of inner disturbance, chaos, low self-worth, hopelessness and anger. Suicidal teens generally feel that their emotions are played down, not taken seriously, or met with opposition by other people, but it should always be taken seriously. There are ways of watching for warning signs of a suicidal person and depression. Some noticeable things are talking about suicide, statements about hopelessness, helplessness, or worthlessness. They may have a obsession with death or suddenly become happier and calmer. They have a loss of interest in things they usually care about. They might stop visiting or calling people that they care about. They even start making arrangements or putting their affairs in order and give away their things. Teens should learn that with treatment, depression ends, but someone who is experiencing deep depression might not be able to think about that. They can't see the way out of the problem and think suicide is the only choice. There are 30,000 suicides that occur every year in the United States and the " suicide survivors" are the ones that are left majorly affected and ruined. The people that are mourning over a suicide victim describe feelings of shock, disbelief, sadness, guilt and anger. They have episodes of crying, depression, apathy, anxiety, and sometimes thoughts of suicide themselves. Some survivors experience scary and disturbing images of death.

The influence of modern technology on Society Essays

The influence of modern technology on Society Essays The influence of modern technology on Society Essay The influence of modern technology on Society Essay 1. Introduction While engineering is frequently described as the most of import influence upon society ( ref ) , it remains a topic which deserves further survey. This state of affairs is by and large accepted, with politicians, sociologists, industrialists and educationists likewise recognizing that engineering lies at the very bosom of society ( Chandler, 1996 ) . The critical function that engineering dramas in the development of society, exciting non merely the economic system but society’s socio-cultural values, instead than being simply a tool of society, nevertheless, is referred to as ‘technological determinism’ ( Underwood, 2009 ) . It is this facet of how engineering drives modern society that this essay addresses. Social advancement has come to be equated with proficient advancement, peculiarly since the Industrial Revolution ( Beniger, 1989 ) . This advancement has non ever been acknowledged at the clip it was happening ; so, as Beniger farther notes, ‘human society seems instead to germinate mostly through alterations so gradual as to be all but unperceivable, at least compared to the generational rhythms of the persons through whose lives they unfold’ ( 1989, p. 2 ) . Possibly because of this ‘historical myopia’ , the value of the alteration may non be evaluated until the alterations has already passed ( Beniger, 1989, p. 2 ) . Critics such as Henry David Thoreau, for case, suggested that betterments in society’s proficient agencies are no warrant of improved terminals, and that they may alternatively take to a mechanistic and fatalistic mentality, situating that we do non sit upon the railway ; it rides upon us ( 1845, p. 308 ) . Therefore, engineering its elf becomes an overruling preoccupation, for it neer stops still. Technological promotion seems of import at the clip to different ages in different societies, psychologically if non practically ; in a assortment of modern societies, for illustration, immature people soon feel a heightened empathy with the digital age ( Bennett and Maton, 2010 ) . However, non all sectors of the community will be straight involved with, portion an apprehension, or even see the relevancy, of the latest technological innovations. However, as de Tocqueville ( 1990, p. twenty-two ) noted in 1840, ‘this societal revolution, which I believe to be irresistible†¦ is already accomplished or about to be so’ , and therefore acknowledgment of it is acknowledgment of the past every bit much as the present. The current revolution in engineering, known diversely as the ‘Information Age’ or ‘Age of Technology’ , likewise is grim: the older individual who is loath to utilize a computing machine has a life shaped by others’ usage of computing machines and may even accept a basic Mobile telephone, one time considered a glamorous accoutrement ( Coeckelbergh, 2012 ) . As globalization becomes an progressively important factor in countries’ economic success, technological competency is going an indispensable tool for lasting and booming non merely in society, but in its component parts, such as employment, instruction, agribusiness, and industry. 2. Advantages and disadvantages of modern technological advancement The younger coevals today, like many old coevalss, seeks to alter the universe and do it a better and more comfy topographic point in which to populate ( Griswold, 2012 ) . They want to be subscribers to peace, economic reforms, the betterment of public services and many other facets of the society. For them, the best manner to lend to these alterations is through modern engineering. ( Weiser and Brown, 1997 ) . This does non needfully intend that young person wants to do a immense alteration on the position of the universe where they grew up, or that they merely want to divide off from the norms of society. Alternatively, they believe that the progresss in communicating, through technological agencies, will ease societal alteration as no old coevals has had the chance to larn so much, so genuinely, from one another ( Griswold, 2012 ) . The ability for real-time conversations, forums, information exchange, visual image of other civilizations, and greater societal equality across the universe has developed more in the last 20-25 old ages than at any other clip in history. This has allowed commentary on state of affairss as they develop, instead than strictly through the position of written media. For illustration, the function of societal media during the ‘Arab Spring’ , non merely through Twitter but Facebook and other societal media platforms, provided contextualisation for the media studies at a clip when media bias is progressively critically examined ( Khondker, 2011 ) . Therefore, this coevals is able to corroborate journalists’ reading of an event, even in movie, with those who are take parting on both sides of the event, every bit good as insouciant perceivers. This is alone in history. The grade to which unchained entree to sentiment, counter-opinion, coverage, and propaganda will truly reshape the universe is yet to be determined. The Habermasian reading of the development of the populace sphere holds some analogies, as the democratization of critical analysis unfolded in fin-de-siecle Viennese java houses ( Habermas, 1989 ) . Harmonizing to di Maggioet Al.( 2001 ) extensive societal effects , both optimistic and pessimistic, have been claimed for many communications engineerings before our current computer-based age of information engineering. The alleged I.T. revolution ( which tends to be presented as the ‘final’ communications revolution ) can be seen as holding been preceded by the ‘writing revolution’ and ‘the print revolution’ , and merely the latest stage of an ‘electronics revolution’ which began with telegraphy and telephone. Winston ( 1998 ) criticises technological determinism and alternatively develops his theory of cultural determinism. In this theory, Winston considers non how engineering shapes society, but instead that the development of engineering, which is non inactive, is mediated and manipulated by society. Therefore, as a consequence of these tactics, the ‘radical potential’ of a specific engineering is stifled ; socie ty therefore merely accepts that which it believes itself to be in a place to accept ( Winston, 1998 ) . Systems and machines like computing machines, nomadic phones and runing systems, which merely involve one chink on the computing machine, replace the things which used to takes hours or even yearss. Almost every place has a computing machine and telephone, and persons within those places frequently each have a nomadic phone ( Bennett and Maton, 2010 ) . For some people, the application of engineering is the lone technique for them to develop forbearance, as even the boring concern of waiting can be ameliorated by maintaining busy with a nomadic phone, particularly for young person. One of the most of import advantages of modern engineering is globalization, which has allowed the universe to experience ‘closer’ , and permitted the universe s economic system to go a individual, mutualist system ( Barrell and Fic, 2014 ) . This means that people can non merely portion information rapidly and expeditiously, but can besides convey down barriers of lingual and geographic boundaries. Zhong ( 2007 ) observes that, in today s stock markets, fiscal substructure, planetary intelligence administrations, powerful armed forcess, strong authoritiess and large corporations, instantaneous communicating is an plus society can non afford to lose. The cyberspace allows interconnectedness and promotes globalization and information sharing. The decrease in the cost of instantaneous communicating over the last 20 old ages have well expanded its possible, by doing it accessible to developing every bit good as developed economic systems. However, modern engineering does non convey advantages but some disadvantages every bit good. The similarity of life styles, whereby communicating channels homogeneousness, can hold hurtful effects ( Griswold, 2012 ) . Before the rise of movie, telecasting, and the cyberspace, people had different civilizations and traditions that were reflected in the manner they wear apparels or design edifices. Now, in a signifier of crawling conformance, people tend to construct the same theoretical accounts of house and wear the same manners. The new, modern engineering is first-class in many ways, but its philosophical, physiological, and psychological effects remain unknown in a period when technological interaction and unrecorded communicating through computing machine usage, cyberspace confab, nomadic phones, and SMS texts are portion of the mundane life of -teenagers and the young person of today. This non merely includes issues such as the argument on whether nomadic telephones increase the likeliness of encephalon tumors, but the behavioral responses of kids to ‘instant’ satisfaction, or whether nomadic phone dependence will go a important disablement ( di Maggioet al. ,2001 ) . These are issues which remain unsolved ; their declaration will non be immediate. 3. The vision of adolescents in this twenty-four hours and age With the growing of engineerings as the cyberspace and computing machines, adolescents and immature people are going more disjointed from society ( Griswold, 2012 ) . Isolation is one signifier of this job. The Nipponese phenomenon ofhikikomori,whereby immature people ( normally, males, and more progressively, grownups ) sequester themselves, utilizing merely engineering to maintain in touch with society, is believed to impact about two million people worldwide ( Longo, 2010 ) . Social interaction consequences in degrees of emphasis and hurt to the grade that persons can non get by, and seek safety alternatively in an environment which they feel is to the full within their control. Additionally, instruction is being transformed by engineering. Stimulating pupils is non a affair of doing a great address or a dominant lesson any longer ; pedagogues need to be brought down to a adolescent s degree of understanding ( Weiser and Brown, 1997 ) . The demand and wants of modern young person are really different from those of their parents, as can be seen inhikikomori( Longo, 2010 ) . The most inspiring tool for teens and their life style is the cyberspace, nomadic engineerings, and computing machines ( Griswold, 2012. Adolescents and immature people besides have changed in comparing with teens in the yesteryear, taking into history eating wonts, an active manner of life, passing free clip, and the importance of music and manner. The affordability of many of these factors has changed well since, for illustration, the post-war coevals ( Bennett and Maton, 2010 ) . The most of import alteration, nevertheless, is that they are a engineering coevals. For teens in today s universe, nomadic phones, cyberspace, music, films, telecasting and picture games are really of import. Most adolescents prefer watching telecasting and playing computing machine games to reading books. They dislike reading because watching telecasting or playing on-line role-playing games is easier and they do non hold to utilize their ain imaginativeness ( Davies and Eynon, 2013 ) . Computer games have the capacity to supply learning chances but they are besides harmful to wellness ( Longo, 2010 ) . Teenagers prefer to pass free clip in forepart of a computing machine instead than to walk, play football, go to a swimming pool, or merely merely run into a friend in the park and have a confab. The long term effects of these alterations are non likely to be apparent for at least three more coevalss. Harmonizing to di Maggioet Al.( 2001 ) , the cyberspace expands day-to-day and reaches more and more people globally. As a society, betterments in literacy may lift due to the growing of the cyberspace. The immature coevals can non conceive of their day’s prep without the support of the one of most of import modern technological developments, the cyberspace. The cyberspace is really utile and an of import tool for surveies, as there they are able to see the latest studies and articles, discovery and practise exercisings which are relevant to their surveies, every bit good as submit assignments and other work. Further, a adolescent s societal life becomes inextricably linked to societal networking, particularly through unrecorded confab and Facebook. They would instead state that this is the easiest manner to pass on with each other, every bit good as larning new things and holding merriment ( Davies and Eynon, 2013 ) . Many things can be done through the cyberspace. Young people can download music and other files and play on-line games with their existent or practical friends. In this manner, hence, the cyberspace influences the adolescent position to the universe and its hereafter. It besides gives them an chance to interact with other teens and discuss relevant issues. One of import facet of teens utilizing cyberspace is their freedom to post unfavorable judgment of authorities leaders. Young persons have limited abilities to pass on meaningfully with authorities as they can non vote ; the cyberspace permits them to give their beliefs about what is incorrect and what is right from their point of position, ( Davies and Eynon, 2013 ) . On societal web sites young persons can hold dealingss and communicating with their friends or merely person who is far off from their places and around the universe, chew the fating on the worldwide web, e-mailing or merely playing games. This has been extended well with the coming of smart phones ( Bennett and Maton, 2010 ) . Using the cyberspace adolescents can travel shopping with their friends utilizing the same web site, usage mikes or cameras to movie themselves, about in the same manner as they would travel out together for existent shopping. Therefore, the populace sphere – through recreational confab every bit good as more complex interactions – is extended in the mode kindred to that described by Habermas ( 1989 ) . However, this alteration to ‘life online’ agencies that, necessarily, many existent universe jobs manifest themselves in the cyberspace, and so hold a farther existent universe effect. This can be seen in the phenomenon of cyber intimidation. Cyber strong-arming marks the gender, physical attraction and friendly relationships of kids and adolescents ( Davies and Eynon, 2013 ) . Victims do non cognize what to make or where to turn. Cyber toughs harass victims anonymously. The psychological harm is hideous because the victim s ain equals have turned on them and there is nowhere for them to travel, with teenage self-destructions and attempted self-destructions reported in the yesteryear ( Griswold, 2013 ) . A ‘dis-connect’ from human reactions could lend to cyber intimidation. Peoples learn to pass on largely through text messages or online, and do non larn of import facets of human interaction, such as noticing and accepting non-verbal signals ( Griswold, 2013 ) . Without these signals and features it is easy to be misunderstood and for the victim to be dehumanised ( di Maggioet al. ,2001 ) . This is besides true of online dating ( Winston, 1998 ) . Peoples are usually cognizant of what person is stating or non stating, through gesticulations and voice tones. Without these cues, it is hard to appreciate how the other individual is experiencing and whether there is genuinely a connexion. Young person can get down to experience as if who they are is non recognised, that they are reviled or that cipher wants them, when for illustration the text message or electronic mail was merely non received. Young people have created and developed a communicating civilization that incorporates many particular characteristics, such as a rise in the usage of text-based communicating channels ( Davies and Eynon, 2013 ) . Teenagers intersecting and selective usage of communicating channels has been shaped by multimedia communicating ( Weiser and Brown, 1997 ) . Therefore, their public domain utilises a wider scope of platforms than antecedently ; however, it is still simply an extension of the populace sphere, merely as telecasting and newspapers were ( Habermas, 1989 ) . Regardless of their signifier, the media landscapes created by adolescents serve to joint their personal infinite, every bit good as enabling their presentation of ego and specifying their relationships to others ) . This can be seen in immature people s relationship to the nomadic phone and other signifiers of synergistic engineering, which is consistent with their general ingestion manners. An habit-forming usage of the phone has been related to trendy and unprompted ingestion manners prevalent among females ( Davies and Eynon, 2013 ) . Technology enthusiasm and trend-consciousness was linked to unprompted ingestion and difficult values more prevailing among males ( di Maggioet al. ,2001 ) . In contrast, a economical Mobile phone usage was non related to gender but to environmentalism and thrifty ingestion in general. The traditional gender division in nomadic phone usage manners that could be observed is interesting in the visible radiation of speculations that genders are going more likewise in their usage of new engineering. The increasing tendency towards ‘instant gratification’ that has been fed by high rates of recognition over the last 30 old ages is exacerbated by a n restlessness facilitated by devices such as smart phones ( Griswold, 2012 ) . The net consequence of several of several coevalss for whom this is true has non yet been realised. 4. Decision Technology is one of a figure of interceding factors in human behavior and societal alteration, which both Acts of the Apostless on and is acted upon by other phenomena. Bing critical of technological determinism is non to dismiss the importance of the fact that the proficient characteristics of different communicating engineerings facilitate different sorts of usage, though the possible applications of engineerings are non needfully realised. Enthusiasm for technological progress typically involves technological determinism. As Potter and Sarre ( 1974, p. 485 ) , cautiousness that, in reaction to the alterations taking topographic points amongst today’s youth, there is obviously an unmistakable tone of moral disapproval directed against cultural interval – that is, oppositions to structural and normative versions occasioned by invention . This is non new. Every coevals expresses concern for the gait and nature of alteration, and inquiries whether alteration is driving society or society desires the alterations wrought. In the interim, the technological revolution will enable people’s lives to be easier, in ways such as societal interaction, instruction, fabrication, and so on. Withdrawing from the grade to which engineering has shaped society will be really hard, and probably to take to large-scale economic pandemonium ( Barrell and Fic, 2013 ) . The rise in costs, for illustration, through slower communications or manual fabrication methods, would ensue in an overwhelming, if impermanent drain on the economic system ; nevertheless, given the lessening in fossil fuel handiness, this may be a hereafter that society needs to see. Worlds are extremely adaptable, as the integrating of alteration antecedently has demonstrated. There may be a societal cost in this, as Thoreau ( 1854 ) speculated, but this flexibleness has permitted societies of many different signifiers to boom for millenary. The autonomy for people discuss alteration, as Habermas ( 1989 ) has described, has expanded in the last t hree hundred old ages. However, minds such as Thoreau and Habermas are prepared to oppugn non merely technological advancement but alteration in its most simple signifier. This is what will continue humanity from suicidal alteration. Many people may experience that adolescents are inadvertently ‘walking into’ suicidal alteration through their eager credence of engineering in every facet of their lives ( di Maggioet al. ,2001 ) . Whilst this may be a legitimate concern, it should besides be borne in head that adolescents are non simply being controlled by devices but are utilizing devices to ease alteration – through societal media. This was evident during the ‘Arab Spring’ ( Khondker, 2011 ) , and was widely welcomed. Enthusiasm for technological progress typically involves technological determinism. As Potter and Sarre ( 1974, p. 485 ) , cautiousness that, in reaction to the alterations taking topographic points amongst today’s young person, ‘there is obviously an unmistakable tone of moral disapproval directed against cultural interval – that is, oppositions to structural and normative versions occasioned by invention . This is non new. Every coevals expresses concern for the gait and nature of alteration, and inquiries whether alteration is driving society or society desires the alterations wrought. The human willingness to utilize alteration meaningfully and self-reflect, it is hoped, will protect society from itself. 5. Mentions Barrell, R. and Fic, T. ( 2013 ) . Integration, globalization, engineering and trade forms in the EU8.Research in Economics and Business: Central and Eastern Europe, 2 ( 1 ) , pp. 1-13. Beniger, J. ( 1989 ) .The control revolution: Technological and economic beginnings of the information society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Bennett, S. and Maton, K. ( 2010 ) , Beyond the ‘digital natives’ argument: Towards a more nuanced apprehension of pupils engineering experiences.Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 26 ( 5 ) , pp. 321-331. Coeckelbergh, M. ( 2012 ) . â€Å"How I learned to love the robot† : Capabilities, information engineerings, and aged attention. In Oosterlaken, I. and van der Hoven, J. ( explosive detection systems ) ,The capableness attack, engineering and design. Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 77-86. Davies, C. and Eynon, R. ( 2013 ) .Adolescents and engineering. Hove: Routledge. De Tocqueville, A. ( 1835 ) .Democracy in America: Volume I.[ 1990 ] New York: Vintage Books. Denning, P.J. and Metcalfe, RM. ( explosive detection systems ) ( 1997 ) .Beyond computation: The following 50 old ages of computer science.New York: Springer. DiMaggio, P. , Hargittai, E. , Neuman, W.R. and Robinson, J.P. ( 2001 ) . Social deductions of the cyberspace.Annual Review of Sociology, 27, pp. 307-336. Griswold, W. ( 2012 ) .Cultures and societies in a changing universe( 4Thursdayedn ) . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Habermas, J. ( 1989 ) .The structural transmutation of the populace sphere. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Khondker, H.H. ( 2011 ) . Role of the new media in the Arab Spring.Globalizations, 8 ( 5 ) , pp. 675-679. Longo, G.O. ( 2010 ) . Communication, engineering, and the planetal animal.Communication, Capitalism A ; Critique, 8 ( 1 ) , pp. 18-27. Oosterlaken, I. and van der Hoven, J. ( explosive detection systems ) ( 2012 ) .The capableness attack, engineering and design. Dordrecht: Springer. Potter, D. and Sarre, P. ( explosive detection systems ) ( 1974 ) .Dimensions of society: A reader.London: University of London Press/Open University Press. Thoreau, H.D. ( 1854 ) .Walden ; Or life in the forests.Boston: Ticknor and Fields. Weiser, M. and Brown, J.S. ( 1997 ) . The coming age of unagitated engineering. In Denning, P.J. and Metcalfe, R.M. ( explosive detection systems ) ,Beyond computation: The following 50 old ages of computer science.New York: Springer, pp. 75-85. Winston, B. ( 1998 ) .Media engineering and society: a history: From the telegraph to the Internet. Abingdon: Psychology Press.

More Hills Like White Elephants Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

More Hills Like White Elephants - Essay Example On one hand, ‘the man’ is for abortion, whilst ‘the girl,’ on the other hand, is strongly against abortion (Hemingway, 2013). As such, in order to procure the abortion against ‘the girl’s† wish, ‘the man’ does all he can to convince he fiancà © to agree to abort the child. In fact, ‘the man’ goes to the extent of telling his fiancà © that abortion is just a simple operation that is necessary for her interest. Even though Hemingway failed to tell readers, whether ‘the girl’ procured the abortion or not, we can only conclude that she did the operation in Madrid. This became apparent at the end of the story, where ‘the girl,’ like her fiancà © became a supporter of abortion, which was not only considered immoral and dangerous, but also illegal (Hemingway, 2013). Hemingway developed the plot in such a manner that interlinks well with the characters in the story. After reading the story, one becomes convinced that the two characters are acting naturally in the story. Naturally, a man will always seek for an abortion in the event that a girl friend becomes pregnant unplanned. On the other hand, woman would always tend to resist performing an operation that she believes to be dangerous. Therefore, the two characters, no doubt, act naturally in the story. Regarding the ending of the story, Hemingway should have ended the story by telling readers whether the abortion was successful. In addition, the author ought to have ended the story by informing readers of the repercussion of performing the abortion considering the fact that abortion was illegal and considered immoral at the time he wrote this short

International Terror Attack Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

International Terror Attack - Article Example Cell members from a terrorist group such as the Islamic Jihad causes harm to other people through the use of explosives and in the process causes harm to himself or loses his/her life (Malcolm 2008): An example occurred in 2004 when the Spanish SWAT raided a bomb factory but lost their lives in the process when an Al-Qaeda suicide bomber blew himself and killed a number of people. Additionally, there is the use of the explosives that may be rigged on strategic terror targets such as public places and buildings. An example is the death of the US ambassador to Libya after a terrorist group propelled explosives towards the American consulate on the 11th September 2012 (Infoplease n.d.). There are a variety of training techniques employed by the terrorist groups in order to ensure that they achieve their ill-motives. These are inclusive of Self education whereby the members acquire skills from channels like videos as well as written materials. This has been mostly witnessed in Afghanistan where members of a terrorist cell gather in hidden places to watch terrorist videos in order to gain knowledge on terror missions. There is also the use of commercial school training characterized by shooting classes, surveillance and fighting by use of other swords and knives. The third technique involves the use madrasa classes to spread information concerning terrorism among new members; these classes are mostly used to masquerade as religious teaching classes; such cases has been experienced in Somalia where youths are trained on terrorist missions upon attending madrasas (Hepner and Medina 2008).

Analysis of Earthmoving Equipment

Analysis of Earthmoving Equipment Earthmoving equipment is typically used due to the high efficiency of the construction work. In early era human power has been used to move earth requiring plenty of time and manpower. But with the development of technology earthmoving equipment has been introduced to the construction field and nowadays more advanced and easily maneuverable earthmoving equipment are available. Thus the time consumption and manpower is greatly reduced resulting a more efficient and time saving construction methods. There are number of earthmoving equipment that can be used for the construction and each equipment provides a different purpose. (equipment, 2014) Excavators Figure 1: Excavator Excavators are mainly se to excavate soil. Excavators are very useful in deep excavations as well as it can be used for different applications by changing the bucket to different gadgets. Typically excavators are used in cutting trenches, digging holes and foundation pits, Handling of Material , Construction, General grading or landscaping work, Mining of minerals and gems, River dredging, pile driving, , shafts drilling for footings and blasting of rocks etc.(equipment, 2014) Backhoe Figure 2: Backhoe Backhoe is a versatile equipment which widely used in construction industry. It is a combination of an excavator and bulldozer. It can be used for quick earthmoving work and it can replace both excavator and bulldozer if the scale of the work is low. Also due to its 4 wheel system it can easily move through any rough terrain. Hence backhoe is typically seen on any construction field. The levers are operated by hydraulic pistons and the bucket can be replaced with other useful add-ons accordance to the requirement. (equipment, 2014) Bulldozer Figure 3: Bulldozer Bulldozer is a very powerful equipment which can be used to move earth and prepare surfaces. Due to its high power and belt wheel system it is used to move heavy soil lumps in one go. It has a large plate or blade attached to its front which facilitates pushing mechanism of large soil, rubble, gravel or other materials. By changing the blade to a ripper it can be used for farming or ground loosening work. Skid steer loader Figure 4: Skid Steer Loader Skid steer loader is a small scale equipment which can be used for quick work and for the places where large equipment cannot be accessible. Easily maneuverability is one of the main advantage of the equipment. Also it can be used to load soil into dump trucks. The main characteristic of this equipment is its wheel can be rotated independently allowing it to turn in limited spaces. (equipment, 2014) Trencher Figure 5: Trencher Trencher is another useful equipment that can be used to dig trenches in construction work.trencher has a long arm equipped with rotating belt of blades. The blades dig trenches while the equipment is moving along the required line. This can also be used for digging of irrigation channels, foundation trenches, road drainages etc. trenchers are also used in farming industry as well. (equipment, 2014) Motor Grader Figure 6: Motor Grader Motor grader is another useful earthmoving equipment. This equipment is heavily used in road construction. The main purpose of a motor grader is to prepare surfaces according to required slopes and angles. With the long blade attached to front arm of the equipment it can prepare flat surfaces. The motor grader is also referred to as road grader due to its heavy usage in road construction. This equipment is also used in irrigation construction as well. (History of the Bulldozer. Retrieved 2008-12-17.) For the given project I would use excavators, backhoes and Skid steer loader. The main reason for the excavator the amount of soil needs to be excavated to prepare the basement. Backhoes will be used to small scale work and slope preparation work. Skid steer loaders will be used for the small work where space is limited for big equipment. To ensure the equipment is used efficiently, effectively and economically I will preplan the earth moving process and schedule the work plan with allocating time for each equipment so that every equipment is not used at once wasting time. Also I will allocate specific tie limit for each equipment and the operator should be able to finish the allocated work within the given period of time. With such management mechanisms I can use the provided equipment effectively, efficiently and economically. What methods and resources will you employ to ensure safe and productive operations in deep excavations and trenching for your project? Justify your choice. Support your answer with examples. I will use shoring method to ensure the stability of soil while deep excavating and also a safety officer should be allocated for supervision of excavation work. Excavations will not be done on rainy days. Also the excavations will be done maintaining minimum slope angles for stability. There are several steps that need to be taken in order to assure safe and productive opertaions in deep excavations Preplanning of the work to be done taking following factors into account Traffic Proximity and physical condition of nearby structures Soil classification Surface and ground water Location of the water table Overhead and underground utilities Weather Quantity of shoring or protective systems that may be required Fall protection needs Number of ladders that may be needed Other equipment needs Protective Systems OSHA generally requires that employers protect workers from cave-ins by:   Sloping and benching the sides of the excavation; supporting the sides of the excavation; or Placing a shield between the side of the excavation and the work area. Define types of temporary works required to deal with stability and groundwater problems in the project. Typically during excavation process dewatering has to be done while maintaining stability of slopes. There are several practices used in industry maintain stability. Caissons Caisson is a structure that is developed at area if the   site is ashore, yet in the event that the venture site is seaward, it is built ashore and afterward skimmed to the site seaward. In the caisson technique for development, the unearthing is performed from inside the permanent structure. After the caisson is in position, uncovering from inside the caisson structure starts. As the unearthing is done, the caisson structure begins to sink by its own weight, or if fundamental, by forced burdens. This strategy proceeds until the coveted foundation level is accomplished. Figure demonstrates this procedure schematically. ( Wilson,1873) Figure 7: Caissons Installing Ground Freezing The theory of ground solidifying is to change the water in the soil into a strong mass of ice. This mass of ice is totally impermeable. Ground solidifying is utilized for groundwater cutoff, for earth bolster, for brief supporting, for adjustment of earth for passage removal, to capture landslides and to balance out deserted mineshafts. The principals of ground solidifying are undifferentiated from pumping groundwater from wells. To solidify the ground, a column of stop channels are set vertically in the soil and warmth vitality is expelled through these funnels. Isotherms (an isotherm is a line interfacing areas with equivalent temperature) move out from the stop channels with time like groundwater forms around a well. Once the earth temperature comes to 32  °F (0  °C), water in the soil pores swings to ice. At that point additionally cooling continues. The groundwater in the pores promptly solidifies in granular soils, for example, sands. For example, soaked sand accomplishes magnificent quality at just a couple of degrees underneath the point of solidification. On the off chance that the temperature is brought down further, the quality increments hardly. In strong soils, for example, muds, the ground water is molecularly fortified at any rate to some degree to the soil particles. On the off chance that delicate mud is chilled off to solidifying temperature, a few segments of its pore water to start to stop and it causes the earth to harden. With further decrease in temperature, more pore water solidifies and subsequently more quality pick up is accomplished. When planning for solidified earth structures in firm soils, it might be important to determine generously bring down temperat ures to accomplish the required quality, than in attachment less soils. A temperature of +20  °F might be adequate in sands, though temperatures as low as -20  °F might be required in delicate soils. The outline of a solidified earth obstruction is represented by the warm properties of the fundamental oils and related reaction to the solidifying framework. Arrangement of solidified earth boundary creates at various rates relying upon the warm and water powered properties of every stratum. Ordinarily, shake and coarse-grained soils solidify quicker than muds and sediments. (Jessica Morrison ,2013) Figure 8: Ground freezing method Dewatering Methods Wellpoints The wellpoint comprises of an opened or punctured pipe which is secured with a screen work. At the foot of this pipe is a hole which licenses flying of the pipe into the ground amid foundation. A well-point dewatering framework comprises of a progression of firmly set little distance across wells introduced to shallow profundities. These wells are associated with a pipe or header that encompasses the removal and is joined to a vacuum pump. The development ventures in the well point framework are: 1. The wellpoints are jetted into the ground; 2. The annulars void is filled with filter media; 3. The wellpoints are connected to a header pipe by means of a riser; 4. The header pipe is connected to suction pumps for pumping. Powers, J. Patrick (1992). Figure 9: Well points What types of plant and equipment will you use in substructure and drainage activities in your project? Justify your choice. Support your answer with examples. For the given project first thing that needs to do is providing drainage. While providing proper drainage by means of dewatering pumps and wells. Then to stabilize the earth proper shoring should be needed. Once the shoring is properly established further excavation and substructure work can be commenced. Drainage and dewatering Backhoes Dewatering pumps Drilling machines Hoses Generators etc. Earth stabilizing Shoring machines Cranes Welding plants Backhoes and excavators Substructure work Skid Steer loader Backhoe Excavator Piling machine What techniques of installing piling systems and ground stabilization activities will you use in your project? Justify your choice. Support your answer with examples. The foundation procedure and technique for foundations are similarly critical components as of the outline procedure of heap foundations. Pilefoundation techniques are foundation by heap mallet and exhausting by mechanical auger.In request to evade harms to the piles, amid plan, foundation Methods and foundation hardware ought to be precisely selected.If foundation is to be done utilizing pile pound, then the accompanying components ought to be taken into thought: Size of the pile and the weight of the pile The available head room and space The availability of supporting equipment and machinery The noise pollution and regulations. The driving resistance for the designed drilling Pile driving methods (displacement piles) Methods of pile driving can be categorised as follows: Dropping weight Explosion Vibration Jacking (restricted to micro-pilling) Jetting Drop hammers   Ã‚   A hammer with around the heaviness of the pile is brought a reasonable stature up in a guide and discharged to strike the pile head. This is a straightforward type of mallet utilized as a part of conjunction with light casings and test piling, where it might be uneconomical to bring a steam heater or compressor on to a site to drive extremely set number of piles. There are two main types of drop hammers 1. Single-acting pile hammers which operates using steam or compressed-air comprise a large weight in a cylindrical container. Steam or compressed air rises it up the fixed piston rod. At the top of the blow, or at a reduced height which can be operated by the operator, the steam is cut off and the cylinder falls freely on the pile helmet. 2. Double-acting pile hammers can be run by steam or compressed air. A pilling mount is not mandatory with this mode of hammer which can be fixed to the upperpart of the pile by leg-guides, the pile being directed by a timber structure. When used with a pile mount, back directs are fastened to the hammer to engage with leaders, and only short leg-guides are used to stop the hammer from moving relatively to the top of the pile. These type of hammers are used mainly for sheet pile driving. Pile driving by vibrating Vibratory sledges are normally electrically fueled or using pressurized water controlled and comprises of contra-pivoting unconventional masses inside a lodging connecting to the heap head. The abundancy of the vibration is adequate to separate the skin erosion on the sides of the heap. Vibratory strategies are most appropriate to sandy or gravelly soil. Jetting:to help the entrance of piles into sand or sandy rock, water streaming might be utilized. In any case, the strategy has exceptionally restricted impact in firm to solid muds or any dirt containing much coarse rock, cobbles, or stones. Boring methods (non-displacement piles) Continuous Flight Auger (CFA) Hardware contains a portable base transporter fitted with an empty stemmed flight wood screw which is pivoted into the ground to required profundity of pilling. To shape the heap, cement is put through the flight twist drill as it is pulled back from the beginning. The twist drill is fitted with defensive top on the outlet at the base of the focal tube and is pivoted into the ground by the top mounted turning pressure driven engine which keeps running on a transporter joined to the pole. On achieving the required profundity, profoundly workable cement is pumped through the empty stem of the wood screw, and under the weight of the solid the defensive top is disconnected. While pivoting the wood screw in an indistinguishable bearing from amid the exhausting stage, the ruin is removed vertically as the twist drill is pulled back and the heap is shaped by loading with cement. In this procedure, it is essential that pivot of the wood screw and stream of cement is coordinated that fall of sides of the opening above cement on lower flight of twist drill is evaded. This may prompt to voids in loaded with soil in cement. The strategy is particularly viable on delicate ground and empowers to introduce an assortment of exhausted heaps of different widths that can infiltrate a large number of soil conditions. Still, for fruitful operation of revolving twist drill the dirt must be sensibly free of tree roots, cobbles, and stones, and it must act naturally supporting. Amid operation little soil is brought upwards by the twist drill that horizontal burdens are kept up in the dirt and voiding or extreme slackening of the dirt limit. Be that as it may, if the pivot of the wood screw and the progress of the twist drill are not coordinated, bringing about evacuation of soil amid penetrating perhaps prompting to fall of the side of the gap. Figure 10: Piling and Auguring Underreaming An extraordinary component of wood screw exhausted heaps which is here and there used to empower to misuse the bearing limit of appropriate strata by giving a developed base. The dirt must be fit for standing open unsupported to utilize this method. Firm and to hard muds, for example, the London dirt, are perfect. In its shut position, the underreaming instrument is fitted inside the straight area of a heap shaft, and after that extended at the base of the heap to create the underream appeared in fig. 3.Normally, after establishment and before cement is threw, a man conveying enclosure is brought down and the pole and the underream of the heap is reviewed. (Fleming et al, 1985,) What methods and processes of constructing foundations including will you use in your project? Justify your choice. Describe the resources that you will use for the construction of foundations. Justify your choice. In the event of soils having low bearing limit, overwhelming auxiliary burdens are generally bolstered by giving Raft or tangle establishments. Likewise if the structure is defenseless against subsidence on being situated in mining range or because of questionable conduct of its sub-soil water condition, flatboat or tangle establishments ought to be favored. Raft or Mat Foundations gives an efficient answer for troublesome site conditions, where heap establishment cant be utilized profitably and free section balance gets to be distinctly impracticable. Raft or tangle establishments comprises of thick fortified solid slab covering the whole range of the base of the structure like a story. The piece is strengthened with bars running at right points to each other both close base and top face of the section. Now and again it is important to convey the over the top section stack by a course of action of reversed principle shafts and auxiliary bars, cast solidly with the flatboat piece. The Raftslab for the most part ventures for a separation of 30 cm. to 45cm. on every one of the sides of the external dividers of the structure in that capacity the region of exhuming is marginally more than the range of the structure itself. The unearthing is made to the required profundity and the whole uncovered territory is very much united. This surface, when dry, gives the base whereupon the flatboat or tangle section is laid. Every one of the precautionary measures that are important to be seen amid the strengthened solid development are entirely clung to and promote development is begun simply after the curing of the Raft has been completely done.Halpin, Daniel W.; Senior, Bolivar A. (2010). Describe methods and resources that you will use in processes, undertaking drainage works including culverts and installing services in your project. Culverts and drainage works Excavation The area of the proposed drainage will be set out on the ground by checking with paint and pegs at pit areas. Where works are along edge of existing roadway movement light or stop/go framework might be set up to do works. A trench will then be unearthed between pits utilizing an excavator with material stacked to dump truck. The trench width will differ contingent upon the measure of the pipe. Installation Where drains are being introduced a layer of geotextile material should be put along the framework of the trench and a layer of channel stone might then be put in base of trench to get pipe work. The pipe work should then be laid to the right line and level by utilizing a review laser Backfilling of Ducting The remaining stone might then be put by six ton dumper up to underside of topping where geotextile should be turned out under topping layer. The rest of the depleted might be bested up once surfacing works are done up to wearing course level. Establishment of layer of Geogrid should likewise be done at this stage. All chambers on the deplete lines might be built with pre-thrown solid catch pits and should be put as pipeline continues. (Turner-Fairbank Highway research Center ,1998) Figure 12: Culverts What types of plant and equipment will you use in the construction of superstructure your project? Justify your choice. Support your answer with examples. Construction of superstructure requires lot of machinery and equipment and the uses may vary throughout the different stages of the project. Following are a list of equipment and the uses of each equipment. Equipment Uses Batching plant Concrete Production Concrete pump Concrete pouring to higher levels Tower crane Shifting materials Elevator Shifting materials and laborers Formwork systems Form the structure Scaffolding For higher level work Poker vibrator For compaction of concrete The batching plant will produce concrete required to construction and concrete mixture truck and pump will support to pour concrete to slabs, columns and beams. Tower crane and elevator will help to move goods and laborers respectively. Scaffoldings, formwork systems and poker vibrator will be used for concrete pouring and form the columns, slabs and beams of the building. What methods and resources will you use in undertaking the main forms of structural activities in you project? Include the use of concrete in its various forms as well as the use of structural steelwork. Provide relevant examples. Justify your choices. Mainly concrete will be used together with steel to form the superstructure. Typically formwork will be established first and then concrete together with steel will be used to cast columns, beams and slabs of the building. For the aforementioned task concrete pumps, poker vibrators, laborers and skilled supervisors will be needed. Concrete is typically used for this type of construction work due to its workability. Liquid state of concrete allows us to cast different required shapes and forms of structures with ease. Whereas steel is a pre-fabricated material hence steel does not provide the freedom to use for different shapes. But steel is also a very good construction material which facilitates fast construction. Structural steelwork can be used together with concrete to produce composite structures. Also steel can be used alone for buildings as well. (Concrete Association, 2013) What methods of false work and formwork will you use in the superstructure activities in your project? Provide examples. Justify your choice. What processes of concrete production, delivery and placement will you use in your project? Justify your choice. Formwork implies the surface of the frame and surrounding used to contain and shape wet cement until it is self-supporting. Formwork incorporates the structures on or inside which the solid is poured and the casings and propping which give soundness. Albeit ordinarily alluded to as a component of the formwork get together, the joists, bearers, propping, establishments and footings are actually alluded to as false work. Formwork development may include high hazard exercises like working fueled portable plant like cranes, working at stature and unearthing establishments. The outline of the last solid structure can majorly affect the simplicity of formwork development and the wellbeing and security of individuals amid development. For the most part the more essential and basic the last solid structure, the more secure it is to develop, erect and destroy the formwork. An accomplished formwork creator ought to be counseled amid the plan of in-situ solid structures to empower the wellbeing and dangers amid formwork development and destroying to be considered in the outline. The formwork originator must be equipped in formwork configuration including reporting brief work stages and exceptional gear required for safe formwork development on location. A creator may utilize a specialized standard or a blend of gauges and building standards significant to the plan prerequisites the length of the result is an outline that meets administrative necessities. Concrete production Concrete Batching plant Concrete will be produced in a batching plant to ensure the quality and strength of the concrete. Concrete Delivery Mixture truck Mixture trucks will be used to deliver concrete to the site from the batching plant to prevent loss of workability and quality of concrete Concrete Placement- Concrete pump truck Concrete will be placed to higher levels using a concrete pumping truck. This way we can efficiently pour concrete.   (Concrete Association, 2013) Identify and assess the hazards arising from the substructure activities. Falling of unstabilized soil Falling to deep excavated trenches and pits Hazards associated with excavators Shorings can be weak Damages to underground electrical wires Explain the legal framework of health, safety and welfare and the requirements of the current CDM Regulations. The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (CDM 2015) addresses the management of health, safety and welfare of workers in construction projects. CDM 2015 substituted the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007 (CDM 2007) and the Accepted Code of Practice which is providing supporting direction on CDM 2007 was inhibited. CDM 2015 aims to uplift health and safety in the industry by providing guidance to: Rationally plan the work so the risks tangled are succeededthroughout. Have the correct people for the correct job at the correct time collaborate and organize your work have the properinfo about the risks and how they are managed convey information efficiently to those who need to know consult and occupy workers for the risks management activities and educate them how they are being managed The CDM2007 Regulations expect to lessen development mischances and sick wellbeing in Great Britain by empowering the different partners of the development business to enhance in arranging and dealing with their activities contemplating matters of security and wellbeing at an early stage in the venture definition. By beginning concentrating on these basic focuses toward the start of a venture, dangers can be recognized and supervisors can use sound judgment in front of challenges. In this new form of the directions, the HSC concentrates on correspondence and co-appointment between every one of the gatherings required in the development venture and set up a few obligations for each of the distinctive partners. It likewise highlights that the measure of printed material and all the administration brought on by the past rendition of the controls ought to be diminished and the attention put on the arranging and administration. The CDM set up commitments for customers and fashioners. The fundamental commitment forced to the customer is to delegate the primary partners for the arranging and the acknowledgment of development work. By development work, the CDM extensively alludes to the doing of building, structural designing or building development word .Among the dutyholders which take an interest to the doing of the venture are the Client, the Designer, the CDM-Coordinator, the Principal Contractor and the Contractors. (The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations ,2007) Evaluate and justify the role of the planning coordinator who has been appointed to the project. Construction project coordinators plan, organize, and guide the actions of a construction project, under the guidance of a manager. He works on-site most of the time, over looking the day-to-day tasks of the project. He works for residential, commercial and industrial construction companies or for construction departments of companies outside the construction industry. Generally, construction project coordinators: Make contracts and negotiate alterations to contracts with architects, consultants, clients, suppliers, and subcontractors. Suggest and implement QC programs. Make progress reports for clients. Control the acquisition of building materials and land. Hire and supervise subcontractors and staff. During the excavation works the contractor found that the sub-soil in a section of the site to be contaminated. All site activities were halted pending further investigations. Following the investigations it was found that the site was contaminated with caustic soda and from material linked to buried heavy fuel tanks. The client has asked for a design solution to the problem. The contaminated ground can be treated with 5% ferric chloride treat the caustic soda contamination. Proper waterproofing of basement can further ensure that the caustic soda intrusion is completely blocked. Burried heavy fuel tanks should be properly sealed to prevent further leakages. If the contaminated section can be completely removed it should be removed and disposed safely to continue construction work. (Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund, Human Health Evaluation Manual) Produce a risk assessment for the above problem. Hazard identification Caustic Soda and Heavy fuel Contamination. Laborers and stakeholders can be affected Sub soil needs to be treated or removed